William c



'(No Model.)

W. C. BAKER.

SEGTIONAL BOILER.

Patented Apr. 9, 1895.

l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM c. BAKER, on NEW YORK, N. Y.

ISECTIONALBOILERL SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 537,177, dated April 9, 1 895.

Application filed geptember 15, 1894. Serial No. 523,068- (No model.)

T0 at whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM C. BAKER, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in Sectional Boilers, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention is made with reference especially to the heating of buildings by steam or circulating water but it is not limited in this respect but may be applied for the generation of steam used as a motive power. p

In the railway car heaters heretofore patented by me, I have found it important to bring the incandescent 'fuel into as direct contact with the water to be heated as possible, so long as the temperature of the fuel is not materially lessened by the direct presence of the tubes containing the water to be heated.

I In the heating of buildings upon the same general principles, I- have discovered difficulty, in consequence of changes that are often required in the construction of the heating apparatus, in adapting the same to changes in the buildings, and frequently in fitting in such heating apparatus, a small heater is fitted in for heating only a portion of the building and afterward it is desired to heat the whole of the building or to heat additions to such building, and this has usually necessitated the removal of the apparatus and the insertion of an entirely new heater.

The objects of the present invention are, first, to provide for the water pipes being di rectly in and surrounded by the incandescent fuel, so as to obtain the heat direct from such fuel without interfering with the perfect combustion of the fuel, and, second, to provide for increasing the apparatus from time to time as circumstancesmay require, and for repairing any one portion of the-apparatus without removing or deranging other portions thereof. With these objectsin view 1 make the boiler in sections, each section containing horizontal pipes that are in the fuel chamber and are connected by vertical tapering pipes through which the water circulates with rapidity, and the fuel is supported by a main grate, and the pieces of unconsumed fuel are caught upon a second grate so that they may continue to burn after the ashes havebeen shaken out, or such particles of carbon may be returned into the fire chamber, thus afiecting a saving in the fuel, and the sections of the boiler are so arranged that they can be easily repaired or replaced and can be added to from time to time if necessary.

In the drawings, Figure l is an elevation partially in section of the improved furnace. Fig. '2 is a vertical cross section of the same.

The fire chamber is inclosed by the front.

wall A, back wall B and side wall 0, and the range of bars D supports the fuel, and these bars are to be comparatively open, so as toallow the air to pass freely through them, and the lower range of bars E is closer together so as to catch and retain any unconsumed coal, and the ashes pass into the ash-pit F.

The frame G is of a size adapted to two or four sections of heating tubes. I have represented'it in Fig. 1 as adapted to four sections of tubes, and it contains openings for the upper doors H and lower doors I. These doors H are at the level of the upper grate bars D so as to admit the insertion of a suitable poker or sliceuponthe grate-bars for shaking out the ashes and the proper clearing of the fire, and the ashes and unconsumed carbon fall upon the lower range E of bars, and byopening the lower door I, such bars can be cleared by a suitable slice or poker to shake down the ashes and allow the unconsumed carbon to remain upon the lowerbars E and be consumed, the products of combustion and heat passing up through the bars D and aiding in heating the water as hereinafter described, or the unconsumed carbon may be removed by a shovel from the bars E and placed into the fuel chamber above the bars D, and it is advantageous .to make the frame G with a plate 2 that extends to the bars D so as to intercept the air rising fromthe ash-pit and direct the same to the fire. The lower doors I give access to the ash-pit and also to the top surface of the lower bars E.

Where the walls of the fire chamber are of fire or other brick, the frames G will usually support the front wall A, and'such frames should be provided with notches in their upper edges to allow the tubes K to pass through such notches and rest upon the frames and pass in freely below the bricks of the front wall A, and it is also advantageous to provide thimbles through the brickwork wherever the tubes pass through such brickwork, so as to allow for the insertion or removal of the tubes without the destruction of the brickwork.

The tubes K are in a range and pass directly through the fuel chamberand through the back wall, and it is advantageous to providea Water supply pipe L with a check valve 3 and supply cock 4, so that water can be introduced into the boiler as required from time to time, and the pipe L is connected with the outer ends of the tubes K by the Ts and thimbles at 5.

The back ends of the tubes K are connected by the pipes M with the expansion vessel or drum N, and there is a second range of pipes 0 parallel to the tubes K passing through the tire chamber and through the back wall and connected by an ascending pipe P with the expansion drum N; and it is advantageous to provide removable plugs 6 at theback connections between thepipes O and P, and also to provide caps 7 at the front ends of the tubes 0 to give access for cleaning such tubes for the removal of sedimentor foreign matter if necessary,and Iconnect the ranges K and O of pipes with the vertical tapering tubes Q, such tubes Q having their larger ends uppermost and be ing advantageously screwed directly into the pipes O which are sufficiently large Within the tire chamber for the reception of such upper ends of the tapering tubes Q, and the lower ends of such tubes Q are connected with the tubes K by the right and left hand screw thimbles S which pass into the lower ends of the tubes Q and into holes made in the upper sides of the tubes K.

The top of the fire chamber is closed by a hood R from which rise fines S leading to a suitable chimney, and in the hood B there are fuel doors T for the admission of coal, which coal is to be filled into the fire chamber and cover the pipes O Q and K.

It will now be understood that when water is admitted to fill the respective pipes and the expansion drum N wholly or partially, when the fire in the chamber is lighted, the fuel will burn gradually, the most intense heat being near the grate-bars D, and the fi re will surround the tubes K O and Q, and the heat will cause the water to circulate and rise through the pipes Q and pass along the pipes O and rise by the pipes 1 into the expansion drnm'N, and from thence descend by the pipe M to the tubes K and so return to the lower ends of the vertical tapering tubes Q, and in consequence of the tubes Q having their larger ends uppermost, the heat is most effective in its action around such tubes, and as the water expands and steam bubbles may be formed, there is ample space for the rapid circulation of the water and steam up into the expansion drum N, and as all the pipes K Q and O are in the fire and surrounded by the incandescent fuel, the heat will pass directly to the pipes and water, and but little loss will arise from heat escaping to the chimney.

It will be observed that one section in the circulating and heating apparatus is composed of a tube K, pipe 0, and range of vertical tapering tubes that connect the tubes K and O, and the ascending pipe P and descendingpipe M, and these are removably connected 7 by suitable joints at 9 10 with the expansion drum N, and this expansion drum N can be of any suitable length, or there may be two or more of such drums employed as required from time to time; and it is advantageous to provide doors and frames for each two sections of circulating pipes. Hence a furnace of any desired size can be constructed by bringing together any desired number of sections, and where a furnace is found to be in sufficient, it can be extended by simply tale ing down an end wall and adding sections and making the connections, which is a great convenience, as it allows for the heatingfurnace being extended to accommodate changes in the buildings to be heated; and where it is desired to only use a portion of the apparatus, a temporary wall of fire-brick laid across the tire chamberbetween one section and the next will retain the fuel, and the fire is as etficient in the section that is in operation as though the whole furnace were heated.

I have represented a water gage at 11 and a safety vent at 12, and it is to be understood that where circulating water is employed for heating a building, any desired connections can be made between the expansion drum If and the radiators in the respective rooms, and that where steam is made use of the steam pipe 13 can be connected in any desired manner to the radiators in the rooms.

In furnaces that have heretofore been fitted with vertical ranges of tapering tubes formed with the upper and lower crossing pipes, the ranges of pipes and the pipes themselves have been placed so close together that coal could not be introduced from above.

In my present improvement it is necessary to place the sections at a sufiieient distance apart for the coal to be introduced from above, so that the same may settle down between the respective tubes, and the ranges of tubes must not be sufficiently close together for the combustion to be interfered with by the volume of water tending to prevent the temperature being raised to the point necessary for perfect combustion; and in consequence of the vertical tubes having theirsmaller ends clownwardly, there is nothing to prevent the coal subsiding gradually as consumed, and the supply door for the fuel being in the hood above the fire chamber,gives opportunity for inspection of the bed of fuel and for the introdnction of pokers and similar devices for keeping the fire in the proper condition.

In portable boilers the casing or walls may be of metal instead of brick and of any desired shape.

Where this boiler is used with circulating hot water the drum or expansion vessel N or 13 may advantageously be placed at the hi ghest part of the water circulating system, so that bubbles of air find their way into the same.

I claim as my invention 1. The combination in a heating apparatus, of inclosing walls forming a fire chamber, tubes K and O crossing such fire chamber, and a vertical range of tapering tubes screwed at their upper and larger ends into the tube 0 and at their lower ends to the tube K, the tubes M and P, and an expansion drum N with which such tubes are connected, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination in a heating apparatus with the walls inclosing the fire chamber, of ranges of heating tubes, each range composed of two parallel pipes and a range of vertical tapering tubes connected at their upper and larger ends with the upper pipe and at their lower ends with the lower pipe,'grate-bars below the lower pipe, a frame and doors, the upper door admitting a slice or poker above the grate and the lower door opening to the ashpit, there being separate frames and doors for every two or more sections of heating pipe, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination in a heating apparatus with the walls inclosing the fire chamber, of ranges of heating tubes, each range composed of two parallel pipes and a range of vertical tapering tubes connected at their upper and larger ends with the upper pipe and at their lowerends with the lower pipe, grate-bars below the lower pipe, a frame and doors, the up per door admitting a slice or poker abovethe grate and the lower door opening to the ashpit, there being separate frames and doors for every two or more sections of heating pipe, and a lower grate for receiving the unconsumed fuel that may drop through the upper grate, substantially as set forth.

.4. In a heating apparatus, walls inclosinga fire chamber, heating tubes in sections, each section being composed of an upper pipe with the ends passing through the front and back walls and provided with removable caps, a lower pipe passing throughthe front and back and provided with a water supply connection outside the walls, a range of vertical tapering tubes screwed at their upper larger ends into the upper pipe and at their lower ends to the lower pipe, grate-bars below the lower pipe and supporting the fuel that surrounds the section of tubes, frames supporting the lower tubes of the sections at one end and also the front wall, doors in such frames, and plates or connections between the frames and the outer ends of the grate bars, substantially as set forth.

5. In a heating apparatus, walls inclosing a fire chamber, heating tubes in sections, each section being composed of an upper pipe with the ends passing through the front and back walls and provided with removable caps, a lower pipe passing through the front and back and providpd with a water supply connection outside the walls, a range of vertical tapering tubes connected at their upper larger ends with the upper pipe and at their lower ends with the lower pipe, grate-bars below the lower pipe and supporting the fuel that surrounds the section of tubes, frames supporting the lower tubes of the sections at one end and also the front wall, doors in such frames, plates or connections between the frames and the outer ends of the grate-bars, and a second grate below the main grate adapted to receive and retain unconsumed fuel passing through the main grate, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination in the fuel chamber of grate-bars supporting the fuel, horizontal tubes over and near to such grate-bars and upper tubes and intermediate vertical tubes joining the upper and lower tubes and forming ranges of water pipes surrounded by the fuel, the distances between the ranges of pipes being sufficient for the fuel to burn between them and gradually to descend, substantially as specified.

7. The combination in a boiler, of horizontal tubes crossing the furnace at sufficientdistances apart for the fuel to pass freely down between such tubes, vertical tubes in ranges between the upper and lower horizontal tubes, each tube in the vertical range being larger at the top than at the bottom end and screwed into the upper horizontal tube, a right and left threaded thimble connecting the lower end of each tube with the lower horizontal pipe, grate-bars below such lower horizontal tubes for supporting the fuel, and a hood over the fire chamber with a door for supplying the fuel, substantially as set forth.

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Signed by me this 12th day of September,

A. M. OLIVER. 

